4 Ðàáîòàéòå ïàðàìè. Çàäàâàéòå è îòâå÷àéòå íà âîïðîñû.
1) Êàêèå çíàìåíèòûå ðóññêèå ðîìàíû âû çíàåòå? Êîãäà îíè áûëè íàïèñàíû? Êòî èõ àâòîðû? Âû ÷èòàëè èõ? Êàêèõ ïåðñîíàæåé ðîìàíîâ âû ëþáèòå è ïîìíèòå?
2) Çíàåòå ëè âû êàêèõ-ëèáî àíãëîÿçû÷íûõ ðîìàíèñòîâ? Âû ÷èòàëè êàêèå-ëèáî èõ ïðîèçâåäåíèÿ? Åñëè äà, òî, ÷òî âû äóìàåòå î íèõ è èõ ïåðñîíàæàõ?
3) ×èòàëè ëè âû êàêèå-ëèáî ïüåñû? Ëåãêî ëè èõ ÷èòàòü? ×òî áîëåå èíòåðåñíî: ïîñìîòðåòü ïüåñó â òåàòðå èëè ïðî÷èòàòü åå?
4) Ïîìíèòå ëè âû êàêèå-ëèáî èìåíà âñåìèðíî èçâåñòíûõ äðàìàòóðãîâ? Âû ñìîòðåëè êàêóþ-ëèáî èõ ïüåñó? Êàêóþ?
5) Âàì íðàâèòñÿ ïîýçèÿ? Âû ÷àñòî ÷èòàåòå ñòèõè? Ñ÷èòàåòå ëè âû, ÷òî ëþäåé íóæíî ó÷èòü ÷èòàòü è ïîíèìàòü ïîýçèþ? Êòî âàø ëþáèìûé ïîýò? Âû êîãäà-íèáóäü ïûòàëèñü ñàìè ïèñàòü ñòèõè? Áûëè ëè îíè óñïåøíûìè?
6) Ïî÷åìó, ïî-âàøåìó, êîðîòêèå ðàññêàçû ñòàëè íàñòîëüêî ïîïóëÿðíûìè â íàøè äíè? Êàêèå êîðîòêèå ðàññêàçû âû ïðåäïî÷èòàåòå? Îáû÷íî ìàëü÷èêè è äåâî÷êè ÷èòàþò îäíè è òå æå èñòîðèè?
7) Êàêèå èìåíà ïèñàòåëåé, êîòîðûå ïèñàëè áàñíè, âû çíàåòå? Êàêèì îáðàçîì áàñíè îòëè÷àþòñÿ îò äðóãèõ ñòèõîòâîðåíèé? Ïî÷åìó, íà âàø âçãëÿä, îíè ñòàëè ìåíåå ïîïóëÿðíûìè â íàøè äíè?
Ìèôû, ëåãåíäû è ñêàçêè îòíîñÿòñÿ ê ÷èñëó ñàìûõ ñòàðûõ ëèòåðàòóðíûõ ïðîèçâåäåíèé. Ïî÷åìó, íà âàø âçãëÿä, ëþäè âñå åùå íàñëàæäàþòñÿ èìè? Êàêèå èç íèõ âàì íðàâèëèñü â äåòñòâå?
Ðåøåíèå #1
1. Ive read quite a few Russian novels, say, A hero of our Time (1840) by Mikhail Lermontov, Dead Souls (1842) by Nikolay Gogol, Oblomov (1859) by Ivan Goncharov, Fathers and Sons (1862) by Ivan Turgenev, Crime and Punishment (1867) by Fyodor Dostoevsky, War and Peace (1863-1869) and Anna Karenina (1875-1877) by Leo Tolstoy, Quiet Flows the Don (1928-1940) by Mikhail Sholokhov, One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich (1962) by Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn and many others. As for my favourite characters, I like Lermontov’s Pechorin who is nevertheless a flawed and non-Romantic figure, Goncharov’s Oblomov who embodies laziness and inaction and his best friend Stoltz, his exact opposite, Turgenev’s Evgeny Bazarov, a medical student and nihilist, Tolstoy’s Anna Karenina, Vronsky’s lover and a very beautiful and intelligent woman, etc.
(ß ïðî÷èòàë äîâîëüíî ìíîãî ðóññêèõ ðîìàíîâ, íàïðèìåð, «Ãåðîé íàøåãî âðåìåíè» (1840) Ìèõàèëà Ëåðìîíòîâà, «Ìåðòâûå äóøè» (1842) Íèêîëàÿ Ãîãîëÿ, «Îáëîìîâ» (1859) Èâàíà Ãîí÷àðîâà, «Îòöû è äåòè» (1862) Èâàíà Òóðãåíåâà, «Ïðåñòóïëåíèå è íàêàçàíèå» (1867) Ôåäîðà Äîñòîåâñêîãî, «Âîéíà è ìèð» (1863-1869) è «Àííà Êàðåíèíà» (1875-1877) Ëüâà Òîëñòîãî, «Òèõèé Äîí» (1928-1940) Ìèõàèëà Øîëîõîâà, «Îäèí äåíü èç æèçíè» Èâàíà Äåíèñîâè÷à (1962) Àëåêñàíäðà Ñîëæåíèöûíà è ìíîãèå äðóãèå. ×òî êàñàåòñÿ ìîèõ ëþáèìûõ ïåðñîíàæåé, ìíå íðàâèòñÿ Ïå÷îðèí Ëåðìîíòîâà, êîòîðûé, òåì íå ìåíåå, — ïîðî÷íàÿ è íåðîìàíòè÷åñêàÿ ôèãóðà, Îáëîìîâ Ãîí÷àðîâà, âîïëîùàþùèé ëåíü è áåçäåéñòâèå, è åãî ëó÷øèé äðóã Øòîëüö, ïîëíàÿ åìó ïðîòèâîïîëîæíîñòü, Åâãåíèé Áàçàðîâ Òóðãåíåâà, ñòóäåíò-ìåäèê è íèãèëèñò, Àííà Êàðåíèíà Òîëñòîãî, ëþáîâíèöà Âðîíñêîãî è î÷åíü êðàñèâàÿ è óìíàÿ æåíùèíà è ò. ä.)
2. Yes, I’ve read a series of books about Harry Potter by J. K. Rowling, The Lord of the Rings by J. R. R. Tolkien, short stories and novels by Roald Dahl, detective stories by Agatha Christie and 1984 by George Orwell. It seems to me that the authors styles, storylines and characters in all these books are quite interesting and memorable, so I dream of reading them in the original in the near future.
(Äà, ÿ ïðî÷èòàë ñåðèþ êíèã î Ãàððè Ïîòòåðå Äæîàí Ðîóëèíã, «Âëàñòåëèí êîëåö» Äæ . Ð. Ð. Òîëêèíà, ðàññêàçû è ðîìàíû Ðîàëüäà Äàëÿ, äåòåêòèâû Àãàòû Êðèñòè è «1984» Äæîðäæà Îðóýëëà. Ìíå êàæåòñÿ, ÷òî àâòîðñêèå ñòèëè, ñþæåòíûå ëèíèè è ïåðñîíàæè âî âñåõ ýòèõ êíèãàõ äîâîëüíî èíòåðåñíå è çàïîìèíàþùèåñÿ, ïîýòîìó ÿ ìå÷òàþ ïðî÷èòàòü èõ â îðèãèíàëå â áëèæàéøåì áóäóùåì.)
3. I’ve read a few famous Russian plays such as The Government Inspector and Marriage by Nikolai Gogol, Masquerade by Mikhail Lermontov, The Storm by Alexander Ostrovsky, The Seagull, Uncle Vanya, Three Sisters, and The Cherry Orchard by Chekhov. I liked them a lot but, in my opinion, watching plays in the theater is a much more interesting experience because plays are just scripts with very few details that come to life when the actors embody the characters on a stage.
(ß ïðî÷èòàë íåñêîëüêî èçâåñòíûõ ðóññêèõ ïüåñ, òàêèõ êàê «Ðåâèçîð» è «Æåíèòüáà» Íèêîëàÿ Ãîãîëÿ, «Ìàñêàðàä» Ìèõàèëà Ëåðìîíòîâà, «Áóðÿ» Àëåêñàíäðà Îñòðîâñêîãî, «×àéêà», «Äÿäÿ Âàíÿ», «Òðè ñåñòðû» è «Âèøíåâûé ñàä» ×åõîâà. Îíè ìíå î÷åíü ïîíðàâèëèñü, íî, íà ìîé âçãëÿä, ñìîòðåòü ñïåêòàêëè â òåàòðå ãîðàçäî èíòåðåñíåå, ïîòîìó ÷òî ïüåñû — ýòî ïðîñòî ñöåíàðèè ñ î÷åíü íåáîëüøèì êîëè÷åñòâîì äåòàëåé, êîòîðûå îæèâàþò, êîãäà àêòåðû âîïëîùàþò ïåðñîíàæåé íà ñöåíå.)
4. I know such prominent dramatists as William Shakespeare, Langston Hughes, Arthur Miller, Samuel Beckett, Henrik Ibsen, Oscar Wilde and Anton Chekhov. I have been to several productions based on Chekhov’s works at the Chekhov Art Theater.
(ß çíàþ òàêèõ âûäàþùèõñÿ äðàìàòóðãîâ, êàê Óèëüÿì Øåêñïèð, Ëýíãñòîí Õüþç, Àðòóð Ìèëëåð, Ñýìþýë Áåêêåò, Õåíðèê Èáñåí, Îñêàð Óàéëüä è Àíòîí ×åõîâ. ß áûë íà íåñêîëüêèõ ñïåêòàêëÿõ ïî ïðîèçâåäåíèÿì ×åõîâà â Õóäîæåñòâåííîì òåàòðå èìåíè ×åõîâà.)
5. I’m more of a prose-reader but sometimes I read poetry. I do find it beneficial for students and other people since it improves one’s creativity, reading fluency, attention to details and problem-solving skills. My favourite Russian poets include Alexander Pushkin, Sergei Yesenin, Mikhail Lermontov and Fyodor Tyutchev. Moreover, I like the sonnets of William Shakespeare and the poems of Robert Burns. As a child, I tried to write poems about love and nature and I thought they turned out quite successful, but now, when I reread them at my present age, they seem to me stupid and naive and often with bad rhyming.
(ß áîëüøå ÷èòàþ ïðîçó, íî èíîãäà ÷èòàþ ïîýçèþ. ß äåéñòâèòåëüíî íàõîæó å¸ ïîëåçíîé äëÿ ñòóäåíòîâ è äðóãèõ ëþäåé, òàê êàê îíà óëó÷øàåò òâîð÷åñêèå ñïîñîáíîñòè, áåãëîñòü ÷òåíèÿ, âíèìàíèå ê äåòàëÿì è íàâûêè ðåøåíèÿ ïðîáëåì. Ñðåäè ìîèõ ëþáèìûõ ðóññêèõ ïîýòîâ — Àëåêñàíäð Ïóøêèí, Ñåðãåé Åñåíèí, Ìèõàèë Ëåðìîíòîâ è Ôåäîð Òþò÷åâ. Áîëåå òîãî, ìíå íðàâÿòñÿ ñîíåòû Óèëüÿìà Øåêñïèðà è ñòèõè Ðîáåðòà Áåðíñà.  äåòñòâå ÿ ïûòàëñÿ ïèñàòü ñòèõè î ëþáâè è ïðèðîäå, è ìíå êàçàëîñü, ÷òî îíè ïîëó÷àëèñü äîâîëüíî óäà÷íûìè, íî ñåé÷àñ, êîãäà ÿ ïåðå÷èòûâàþ èõ â ìîåì íûíåøíåì âîçðàñòå, îíè êàæóòñÿ ìíå ãëóïûìè è íàèâíûìè è ÷àñòî ñ ïëîõîé ðèôìîâêîé.)
6. In our digital age the genre of short stories is becoming more and more popular because of its concise form and single-minded plot. Personally, I prefer short stories by O. Henry and The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes by Arthur Conan Doyle. I think girls like touching love stories, and boys are keen on detective stories and science fiction, but tastes differ.
( íàø öèôðîâîé âåê æàíð ðàññêàçîâ ñòàíîâèòñÿ âñå áîëåå ïîïóëÿðíûì áëàãîäàðÿ ñâîåé ëàêîíè÷íîé ôîðìå è öåëåíàïðàâëåííîìó ñþæåòó. Ëè÷íî ÿ ïðåäïî÷èòàþ êîðîòêèå ðàññêàçû Î. Ãåíðè è Ïðèêëþ÷åíèÿ Øåðëîêà Õîëìñà Àðòóðà Êîíàí Äîéëà. ß äóìàþ, ÷òî äåâî÷êàì íðàâÿòñÿ òðîãàòåëüíûå ëþáîâíûå èñòîðèè, à ìàëü÷èêè ëþáÿò äåòåêòèâû è íàó÷íóþ ôàíòàñòèêó, íî âñå ëþäè ðàçíûå.)
7. I know such fable writers as Aesop, Ivan Krylov and Jean de La Fontaine. Unlike some other fictional stories, fables always feature anthropomorphized animals, magical creatures and nature forces and lead to a particular moral lesson in the end. I don’t think fables are unpopular now as they are still often read to kids as bedtime stories to teach them life lessons in a playful way.
(ß çíàþ òàêèõ áàñíîïèñöåâ, êàê Ýçîï, Èâàí Êðûëîâ è Æàí äå Ëàôîíòåí.  îòëè÷èå îò íåêîòîðûõ äðóãèõ âûìûøëåííûõ èñòîðèé, â áàñíÿõ âñåãäà ôèãóðèðóþò àíòðîïîìîðôíûå æèâîòíûå, âîëøåáíûå ñóùåñòâà è ñèëû ïðèðîäû, è â êîíöå îíè ïîäâîäÿò ê îïðåäåëåííîìó íðàâñòâåííîìó óðîêó. ß íå äóìàþ, ÷òî áàñíè ñåé÷àñ íåïîïóëÿðíû, òàê êàê èõ âñå åùå ÷àñòî ÷èòàþò äåòÿì â êà÷åñòâå ñêàçîê íà íî÷ü, ÷òîáû ïðåïîäàòü èì æèçíåííûå óðîêè â èãðîâîé ôîðìå.)
8. I guess myths, legends and fairy tales are still popular, because people always liked fictional stories attempting to explain supernatural events and mysteries and involving different magical creatures like dragons, elves, goblins, dwarves and gods. These stories are the best tools to understand a culture and learn different people’s beliefs and values as well as qualities they search in heroes, ways to explain the world, etc. When I was a child, I loved reading fabulous fairy tales by Hans Christian Andersen, Brothers Grimm and Charles Perrault.
(ß äóìàþ, ÷òî ìèôû, ëåãåíäû è ñêàçêè ïî-ïðåæíåìó ïîïóëÿðíû, ïîòîìó ÷òî ëþäÿì âñåãäà íðàâèëèñü âûìûøëåííûå èñòîðèè, ïûòàþùèåñÿ îáúÿñíèòü ñâåðõúåñòåñòâåííûå ñîáûòèÿ è òàéíû è ñâÿçàííûå ñ ðàçëè÷íûìè âîëøåáíûìè ñóùåñòâàìè, òàêèìè êàê äðàêîíû, ýëüôû, ãîáëèíû, ãíîìû è áîãè. Ýòè èñòîðèè — ëó÷øèå èíñòðóìåíòû äëÿ ïîíèìàíèÿ êóëüòóðû è èçó÷åíèÿ âçãëÿäîâ è öåííîñòåé ðàçíûõ ëþäåé, à òàêæå êà÷åñòâ, êîòîðûå îíè èùóò â ãåðîÿõ, ñïîñîáîâ îáúÿñíåíèÿ ìèðà è ò.ä.  äåòñòâå ÿ ëþáèë ÷èòàòü ÷óäåñíûå ñêàçêè Ãàíñà Õðèñòèàíà Àíäåðñåíà, áðàòüåâ Ãðèìì è Øàðëÿ Ïåððî.)
Ðåøåíèå #2
1) I know War And Peace, Anna Karenina, Oblomov, Dead souls, Master and Margarita. War And Peace was written in 1863, Anna Karenina was written in 1873, Oblomov was written in 1859, Dead souls was written in 1835, Master and Margarita was written in 1928. War And Peace and Anna Karenina were written by Lev Tolstoy, Oblomov was written by I. Goncharov, Dead souls was written by N. Gogol, Master and Margarita was written by M. Bulgakov. I`ve read Master and Margarita and War and Peace. My favourite characters in Bulgakov`s novel are cat Begemot and Voland. In the Tolstoy`s novel I like Levin most.
(ß çíàþ «Âîéíó è ìèð, Àííó Êàðåíèíó, Îáëîìîâà, Ìåðòâûå äóøè, «Ìàñòåðà è Ìàðãàðèòó». Âîéíà è Ìèð áûëà íàïèñàíà â 1863 ãîäó, Àííà Êàðåíèíà áûëà íàïèñàíà â 1873 ãîäó, Îáëîìîâ áûë íàïèñàí â 1859 ãîäó, Ìåðòâûå äóøè áûëè íàïèñàíû â 1835 ãîäó, ðîìàí Ìàñòåð è Ìàðãàðèòà áûë íàïèñàí â 1928 ãîäó. Âîéíà è ìèð è Àííà Êàðåíèíà áûëè íàïèñàíû Ë. Í. Òîëñòûì, Îáëîìîâ áûë íàïèñàí È. À. Ãîí÷àðîâûì, Ìåðòâûå äóøè, íàïèñàííû Í. Â. Ãîãîëåì, ðîìàí Ìàñòåð è Ìàðãàðèòà áûë íàïèñàí Ì. Áóëãàêîâûì. ß ÷èòàë ðîìàíû «Ìàñòåð è Ìàðãàðèòà è «Âîéíà è ìèð». Ìîè ëþáèìûå ãåðîè áóëãàêîâñêîãî ðîìàíà-êîò Áåãåìîò è Âîëàíä.  ðîìàíå Òîëñòîãî ìíå áîëüøå âñåãî íðàâèòñÿ Ëåâèí).
2) I know Jane Austen, Charles Dickens and Charlotte Bronte. I`ve read Jane Eyre by Charlotte Bronte. I’ve liked the book about an honest and plucky young girl.
(ß çíàþ Äæåéí Îñòèí, ×àðëüçà Äèêêåíñà è Øàðëîòòó Áðîíòå. ß ÷èòàëà Äæåéí Ýéð Øàðëîòòû Áðîíòå. Ìíå ïîíðàâèëàñü êíèãà î ÷åñòíîé è îòâàæíîé äåâóøêå).
3) I have read Hamlet by William Shakespeare. I found it a little bit difficult to read plays, because I could forget whose speech I was reading. And also I felt lack of descriptions. It `s much more interesting to watch a play in the theatre.
(ß ïðî÷èòàë «Ãàìëåòà» Óèëüÿìà Øåêñïèðà. Ìíå áûëî íåìíîãî òðóäíî ÷èòàòü ïüåñû, ïîòîìó ÷òî ÿ ìîã çàáûòü, ÷üþ ðå÷ü ÿ ÷èòàë. À òàêæå ÿ îùóùàë íåäîñòàòîê îïèñàíèé. Ãîðàçäî èíòåðåñíåå ñìîòðåòü ñïåêòàêëü â òåàòðå).
4) Well-known dramatists are William Shakespeare, George Bernard Show, Arthur Miller and Anton Chekhov.I have seen Hamlet by Shakespeare and The Cherry Orchard by Chekhov.
(Èçâåñòíûå äðàìàòóðãè-Óèëüÿì Øåêñïèð, Äæîðäæ Áåðíàðä Øîó, Àðòóð Ìèëëåð è Àíòîí ×åõîâ.ß âèäåë Ãàìëåòà Øåêñïèðà è Âèøíåâûé ñàä ×åõîâà).
5) I enjoy reading poetry, however I don`t read it very often. I believe people should be taught to read poetry on order to understand what the author wanted to tell the reader. My favourite poet is I. Brodsky. I tried to write poems in my childhood, but they were not very successful, as they were funny and clumsy.
(Ìíå íðàâèòñÿ ÷èòàòü ñòèõè, îäíàêî ÿ íå ÷èòàþ èõ î÷åíü ÷àñòî. ß ñ÷èòàþ, ÷òî ëþäåé íóæíî ó÷èòü ÷èòàòü ñòèõè, ÷òîáû ïîíÿòü, ÷òî àâòîð õîòåë ñêàçàòü ÷èòàòåëþ. Ìîé ëþáèìûé ïîýò È. Áðîäñêèé. ß ïûòàëñÿ ïèñàòü ñòèõè åùå â äåòñòâå, íî îíè áûëè íå î÷åíü óäà÷íûìè, òàê êàê áûëè ñìåøíûìè è íåóêëþæèìè).
6) Our life is getting more and more dynamic that`s why I think the genre of short stories is popular today. You can read a complete story in one sitting. Personally, I prefer science fiction and historical novels. In my opinion boys and girls read different books, but it depends on the age. Boys mostly prefer adventure or detective stories while girls can be interested in love stories and drama.
(Íàøà æèçíü ñòàíîâèòñÿ âñå áîëåå è áîëåå äèíàìè÷íîé, ïîýòîìó ÿ ñ÷èòàþ, ÷òî æàíð ðàññêàçîâ ïîïóëÿðåí ñåãîäíÿ. Âû ìîæåòå ïðî÷èòàòü ïîëíûé ðàññêàç çà îäèí ïðèñåñò. Ëè÷íî ÿ ïðåäïî÷èòàþ ôàíòàñòèêó è èñòîðè÷åñêèå ðîìàíû. Íà ìîé âçãëÿä ìàëü÷èêè è äåâî÷êè ÷èòàþò ðàçíûå êíèãè, íî ýòî çàâèñèò îò âîçðàñòà. Ìàëü÷èêè â îñíîâíîì ïðåäïî÷èòàþò ïðèêëþ÷åíèÿ èëè äåòåêòèâû, â òî âðåìÿ êàê äåâî÷êè ìîãóò áûòü çàèíòåðåñîâàíû â ëþáîâíûõ èñòîðèÿõ è äðàìå)
7) I know such fable writers as I. Krylov and M. Lomonosov. Fable poems have specific form and no rhyme. Besides, every fable story teaches a moral lesson. However, fable stories are not very popular today, because people are more concerned about money matters than morality.
(ß çíàþ òàêèõ áàñíîïèñöåâ, êàê È. Êðûëîâ è Ì. Ëîìîíîñîâ. Áàñíè èìåþò ñïåöèôè÷åñêóþ ôîðìó è íå ðèôìóþòñÿ. Êðîìå òîãî, êàæäàÿ áàñíÿ ïðåïîäàåò ìîðàëüíûé óðîê. Îäíàêî, áàñíè íå î÷åíü ïîïóëÿðíû ñåãîäíÿ, ïîòîìó ÷òî ëþäè áîëüøå îáåñïîêîåíû äåíüãàìè, ÷åì âîïðîñàìè ìîðàëè).
I think people still enjoy reading myths, legends and fairy tales, because belief in wonders and superpowers brings some hope into their hearts. Moreover, these kind of literature is a part of cultural heritage of any nation. Through reading myths and legends of other countries we learn to understand other people. As a child I liked to read Myths and Legends of Ancient Greece and fairy tales by H. C. Andersen.
(ß äóìàþ, ÷òî ëþäè äî ñèõ ïîð ëþáÿò ÷èòàòü ìèôû, ëåãåíäû è ñêàçêè, ïîòîìó ÷òî âåðà â ÷óäåñà è ñâåðõñïîñîáíîñòè ïðèâíîñèò íàäåæäó â èõ ñåðäöà. Áîëåå òîãî, òàêàÿ ëèòåðàòóðà ÿâëÿåòñÿ ÷àñòüþ êóëüòóðíîãî íàñëåäèÿ ëþáîãî íàðîäà. ×èòàÿ ìèôû è ëåãåíäû äðóãèõ ñòðàí, ìû ó÷èìñÿ ïîíèìàòü äðóãèõ ëþäåé.  äåòñòâå ìíå íðàâèëîñü ÷èòàòü «Ìèôû è ëåãåíäû Äðåâíåé Ãðåöèè» è ñêàçêè Õ. Ê. Àíäåðñåíà).