Самарская область на английском языке как пишется

В каждой стране существуют свои особые требования к написанию адреса, и англоговорящие страны – Англия, Америка и другие – тому не исключение.

Различают несколько видов адресов: личный, деловой, юридический, электронный.

Написание письма и адреса – важная часть письменной культуры любой страны. Более того, это одно из письменных заданий в едином государственном экзамене по английскому языку.

Как же написать адрес на английском? Какими правилами следует руководствоваться?
Несомненно, сложность представляет не только перевод некоторых явлений (проспект, шоссе, корпус и так далее), но и правила следования слов.

Письмо за границу

Личное письмо

Предположим, что вы уже написали письмо своему другу, и перед вами лежит чистый конверт. Что написать сначала?

Рассмотрим образец:

Bernard Wilkinson
8 Battenhall Road
BIRMINGHAM
B17 9UD
UNITED KINGDOM
Или:

Sarah Jameson
7 Chaloner Street
LIVERPOOL
L1 0AE
UNITED KINGDOM

Еще пример:
Karin Santorini
457 STATE ROUTE 146
NY 12085-9998
USA

Обратите внимание, что в британском варианте название города пишется полностью, тогда как в американском название штата имеет двухбуквенное сокращение:

NY – New York
LA – Los Angeles
CA — California
и так далее. Список этих сокращений указан на официальном сайте американской почты.

Таким образом, заполнять следует в такой последовательности:

1) имя получателя;
2) номер дома;
3) улица (переулок, проспект, шоссе, площадь);
4) корпус, квартал, строение, квартира – если присутствуют;
5) город/штат;
6) индекс;
7) страна.

Следует обратить внимание на такую особенность. В Британской культуре было распространено такое явление: называть свой дом, виллу, каким-либо именем. Особенно это характерно для британских загородных домов: Вилла Пеликан, Вилла Доротея и так далее. В таком случае адрес будет иметь следующий вид:

Alan Nildem
Lombard Street
Villa Dorotea
Orston
NOTTINGHAM
NG13 9NG
UNITED KINGDOM

Деловое письмо

Рассмотрим другой пример:
Oxford University Press
Great Clarendon Street
Oxford
OX2 6DP
UNITED KINGDOM

Это пример деловой письменности. В случае, когда получателем выступает какая-либо организация, указывается ее название и юридический адрес. Например, адрес Oxford University Press можно найти на сайте или в их печатной продукции.

Рассмотрим еще образец написания адреса:

Mr John Richard Holliday
Black Rock
JERSEY
JE1 0BR
UNITED KINGDOM

Это пример делового письма, так как в начале стоит форма обращения Mr. Обратите внимание на отсутствие точки в британском варианте. В американском письме точка ставится.

Перечислим формы обращения:
• Mr – адресат мужчина
• Mrs – адресат замужняя женщина
• Ms – адресат и замужняя, и незамужняя женщина; или женщина, семейное положение которой неизвестно
• Miss – адресат незамужняя женщина.

Последовательность написания адреса делового письма:

1) имя получателя с формой обращения;
2) номер дома;
3) улица;
4) офис (при наличии);
5) город;
6) индекс;
7) страна.

Таким образом, следует отличать личное и деловое письмо, так как они имеют свои особенности и некоторые различия.

Стоит отметить, что возможно также и написание «Великобритания» после UNITED KINGDOM, чтобы российские почтальоны смогли расшифровать название страны.
Адрес пишется крупными разборчивыми печатными буквами. Более того, адрес можно распечатать и аккуратно наклеить на конверт. Важно, что название страны и город пишутся заглавными буквами – таково требование Королевской почтовой службы Великобритании (Royal Mail).
Помощь в грамотном и последовательном написании адреса может полезным будет сайт Royal Mail: с его помощью можно найти индекс и/или адрес.

Письмо в Россию

Следует отметить, что в последнее время изменились правила написания российского адреса, если вам отправляют письмо ваши заграничные друзья. Если раньше это был перевод – улица как Street, область как Region и так далее, то сейчас это просто транслитерация. Рассмотрим это на примере:
Streltsova Kristina
ul. Kosmonavtov, d. 78, kv. 143
MOSCOW
RUSSIAN FEDERATION
152900

Или:

Lebedev Vladislav
ul. Sitsevaya, d. 11, korp. 2, kv. 198
g. NOVOSIBIRSK
RUSSIAN FEDERATION
197372
Приведем еще один пример:

Smirnova Elena
ul. Korablestroitelei, d. 2, kv. 37
g. Rostov
YAROSLAVSKAYA obl.
RUSSIAN FEDERATION
112233

Для тех, кто искал название улиц на английском языке мы подготовили список наиболее распространенных названий улиц и транслитерацию каждой улицы:

Таким образом, написание российского адреса существенно упростилось. Более того, заметно влияние английских и американских стандартов: название города, области и страны пишется прописными буквами. Это влияние наблюдается также и в том, что все чаще и чаще мы пишем сначала свое имя, а затем фамилию.
Тем не менее, обратите внимание, что в первом примере указана не Moskva, а Moscow: это единственный рекомендуемый перевод.
Помните, что названия улиц переводить не нужно: это улица Кораблестроителей, а не Shipbuilder’s Street.
Не забывайте и о важной роли пунктуации при написании российского адреса проживания.
Заметно существенное отличие между российскими и зарубежными правилами: у нас индекс пишется в самом конце, тогда как в Англии и Америке – перед названием страны.
Общие правила написания международного адреса
Так как английский является одним из наиболее распространенных языков, то логично предположить, что любой человек и компания международного уровня должны уметь отправлять письма и правильно указывать свой адрес.

Отметим структуру международного адреса:

• имя получателя (физическое или юридическое лицо);
• номер дома (корпус, строение), улица;
• если это частное лицо, то указать номер квартиры/ офиса/ комнаты;
• район, название квартала;
• регион/ область/ штат/ графство/ территория и так далее;
• индекс;
• страна.

Несомненно, что такой вариант написания является условным, поэтому следует помнить, что каждая страна имеет свои требования и правила.

Приведем пример:

Eric Reutener
Denkmaschinenstrasse 342
4076 Zürich
SWITZERLAND

Или:
Anais Fillon Habert
27 RUE DE VIVRE
4390 PARIS
FRANCE

Автор — Дарья Гуданова

History of Samara

Foundation of Samara

For the first time, the name of the Samara River was mentioned in the notes of the secretary of the Arab embassy and traveler Ahmed ibn Fadlan as “Samur” in 921. In 1586, by the decree of Tsar Feodor I Ioannovich, the fortress named “Samarskiy gorodok” (literally “the town of Samara”) was founded on the bank of the Samara River near its confluence with the Volga.

Its main purpose was to control the vast territory of the middle reaches of the Volga and the mouth of the Samara, to protect Russia from the raids of nomads, and to provide a waterway from Kazan to Astrakhan.

During the 17th century, the fortress grew and continued to fortify. In 1688, it was renamed and became the town of Samara. After the devastating fires of 1700 and 1703, a new (so-called “earthen”) fortress was built in Samara in 1704-1706. In the 1740s, Samara became the center of the Orenburg expedition, which founded the towns of Orenburg and Stavropol-on-Volga (present-day Tolyatti).

In 1780, the coat of arms of Samara was approved with the following description: “A wild white goat standing on the grass in a blue field”. The image of the coat of arms exactly repeated the banner of the Samara regiment from the collection of banners of the regiments of the Russian Empire (1729-1730). In 1782, the first site plan for the town’s development was approved.

More Historical Facts…

Samara views

Samara — Features

Samara is located on the left bank of the Volga River (Saratov Reservoir) opposite the Samara bend, at the confluence of the Samara (hence the city’s name) and Sok rivers. The City Day of Samara is celebrated on the second weekend of September.

The climate is moderately continental. Summers are hot and rather humid. Winters are moderately frosty, snowy and long. The average temperature in July is plus 23.5 degrees Celsius, in January — minus 9.9 degrees Celsius.

Samara is a major center for mechanical engineering and metalworking, food, as well as space and aviation industries. It is one of the main scientific centers of Russia in the space and aviation fields.

The city is one of the largest transport hubs in Russia, through which the shortest routes from Central and Western Europe to Siberia, Central Asia, and Kazakhstan run. The Kurumoch International Airport located 42 km from Samara offers regular flights to Volgograd, Yekaterinburg, Kazan, Krasnodar, Moscow, Nizhnevartovsk, Nizhny Novgorod, Novosibirsk, Novy Urengoy, Omsk, Perm, St. Petersburg, Sochi, Surgut, Ufa, Dubai, Istanbul, and other cities.

From the pier of the Samara river station, you can go on boat trips along the Volga, cruises to cities located along the river — Nizhny Novgorod, Kazan, Volgograd, Tolyatti. Passenger transportation in the city is carried out by buses, minibuses, trams, trolleybuses, and the subway.

The architectural heritage of Samara that has survived to this day is one of the richest in Russia. During a walking tour of the historical center of Samara, you can see buildings of the 19th — early 20th centuries preserving the atmosphere of an old merchant city. Samara has one of the longest river embankments in Russia (about 5 km) and the tallest railway station building in Europe (101 meters) with an observation deck (Komsomolskaya Square, 1).

In Samara, the most popular urban legends are associated with underground objects and tunnels through which you can allegedly go under the Volga River and get out on its other bank or on the islands. Rumors about the presence of a network of underground communications are caused by the presence of a large cave within the city limits (The Brothers Greve Cave), as well as a large number of underground structures, such as Stalin’s Bunker, Beria’s Bunker, and the former Army Headquarters bunker.

Main Attractions of Samara

Samara Embankment — one of the most beautiful places in Samara and one of the best embankments in Russia. It stretches along the bank of the Volga for more than 4 km and descends to the river in terraces. A lot of tourists, having arrived in the city, immediately go to the embankment to see the Volga. Residents of Samara also love to come here, breathe clean air and enjoy the picturesque panorama of the great Russian river.

From the nearby pier, ships go on river cruises along the Volga. A river trip is a great opportunity to admire Samara and a good alternative to a bus tour of the city on a hot summer day. City holidays are often held on the embankment.

The embankment of Samara harmoniously combines the advantages of the beach and promenade with places for active recreation and sports. There are cafes and restaurants, benches and fountains, boat and bicycle rentals, paths for cyclists and roller skaters.

There are a lot of interesting art objects on this embankment including a monument to a heating radiator, the sculptural composition “The Barge Haulers on the Volga” and a sculpture of Comrade Sukhov from the famous Soviet movie “White Sun of the Desert”, who was a native of a village near Samara.

Zhigulevskoye Brewery — one of the most visited sights of Samara, which is the birthplace of the famous throughout Russia “Zhigulevskoye” beer. Here you can not only taste original beers, but also go on an excursion and observe the production process.

This brewery located on the bank of the Volga River is one of the oldest in Russia. It was built by the hereditary Austrian brewer Alfred von Vacano in 1881. The building of the brewery is a monument of architecture and an object of cultural heritage of Russia. Volzhskiy Avenue, 4.

Iversky Convent (1860) — a beautiful architectural complex located in the immediate vicinity of Zhigulevskoye Brewery. There are several churches here. You can walk around the territory of the monastery. Volzhskiy Avenue, 1.

Samara Space Museum — one of the youngest museums in the city opened in 2007. It immediately became one of the symbols of Samara. Here you can see a real Soyuz launch vehicle organically integrated into the facade of the museum building. This architectural project has become one of the most original and interesting in Samara.

Actually, the museum is a pedestal on which the rocket stands. Together with the spacecraft, its height reaches 68 m. The exposition is divided into two parts. The first includes space instruments and spacecraft models. The second part is devoted not so much to technology as to people in space, their way of life and everyday activities. Lenin Avenue, 21.

Stalin’s Bunker — one of the alternative locations of the headquarters of the Supreme Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces of the USSR I.V. Stalin, built in Samara at a depth of 37 meters in 1942. Until 1990, it was a classified object. Today, a museum dedicated to the Second World War is open in the bunker.

The object is located under the building of the Academy of Culture and Art, which previously housed the Kuibyshev Regional Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union. For the construction of the bunker, the design of the metro station “Aeroport” in Moscow was copied. Frunze Street, 167.

Monuments in Samara

Samara Regional Art Museum. The core of the museum collection is made up of paintings by local artists created at the turn of the 20th century and works by Russian artists of the early 20th century. Today, this museum also has such exhibits as paintings, graphics, works of the Russian avant-garde and Soviet art of the 1920-1970s, paintings by European painters.

In total, the collection has over 35 thousand paintings displayed in five permanent exhibitions. The museum is located in the very center of Samara and occupies one of the most beautiful buildings in the city. Kuybysheva Street, 92.

Samara Children’s Art Gallery. This museum occupies a very picturesque merchant’s mansion that once belonged to Ivan Klodt, an architectural monument of federal significance of the 19th century. Art works created by children, students and graduates of art schools are exhibited here. The gallery also has a museum of everyday life and culture of the late 19th — early 20th centuries and a museum of arts and crafts. Kuybysheva Street, 139.

Mansion of Alexandra Kurlina (Museum of Modernism). This Art Nouveau house built in 1903 and standing at the intersection of Krasnoarmeyskaya and Frunze Streets is one of the most interesting architectural monuments of Samara. In 2013, a permanent exhibition in three rooms on the ground floor was opened: “study”, “boudoir”, and “dining room”. The exposition presents furniture, clothing, paintings, accessories of European and Russian masters of the early 20th century. In total, the house has 22 rooms, each of which is unique in its own way. Frunze Street, 159.

Roman Catholic Church of the Sacred Heart of Jesus (1902-1906). This neo-Gothic building, unusual for this part of Russia, was built at the expense of the Catholic community of Samara, which consisted mainly of Poles. In 1991, the church was returned to the Catholic community. It was restored and re-consecrated. Today, it also hosts concerts of sacred and classical music. Frunze Street, 157.

House with Elephants (1908-1909) — the former summer residence of the Samara merchant and traveler Konstantin Golovkin, built in the Art Nouveau style on the bank of the Volga, an architectural monument and an object of cultural heritage of Russia. Two full-size sculptures of elephants installed in front of the facade overlooking the Volga gave this building its name. Sovetskoy Armii Street, 292.

Stele “Ladya” (1986) — a monumental white sculptural composition 20 meters high erected to the 400th anniversary of Samara. The monument depicts a stylized old sailing boat floating on the waves. In the middle of the “sail” there is a bas-relief depicting the coat of arms of Samara. This is a popular place for wedding photo sessions, meetings, festivities, and other events. Sofiyskaya Embankment (Lesnaya Street, 23).

Glory Monument (1971). This majestic monument is dedicated to the workers of the Kuybyshev aviation industry, who made a huge contribution to the victory of the USSR in the Second World War. It is a 13-meter figure of a worker standing on a 40-meter pedestal facing the Volga. The worker is holding a stylized aircraft in his raised arms. Sometimes this monument is mistaken for a monument to Yuri Gagarin. Slavy Square.

Leningradskaya Street — a tourist alley in the historic center of Samara with a length of 1.7 km. One of its parts between Galaktionovskaya and Kuybysheva streets is pedestrian. Here you can find mansions of the 19th-20th centuries, shops, boutiques, hotels, etc.

Observation Deck “Vertoletka” (“Helicopter”). From here, stunning panoramic views of Samara, the Volga River, Zhigulevskie mountains, and the Samara bend open up. The territory is landscaped, there is a restaurant and a summer cafe. Vetvistaya Street, 1.

“The Motor World of Vyacheslav Sheyanov” — a unique museum in Russia, where you can immerse yourself in the living history of the Golden Age of motorcycles (1930-1945). Located near Samara, it has a unique collection of restored motorcycles with an engine capacity of over 750 cubic centimeters produced in Austria, Belgium, Great Britain, Germany, Denmark, Italy, Poland, USSR, USA, France, Czech Republic, Switzerland, Sweden, Japan. In total, there are more than 100 exhibits here. Samara Oblast, Petra Dubrava, Klimova Street, 2b.